Nigerian Journal of Research in Orofacial Infections & Oncology

Recurrent Chronic Maxillary Osteomyelitis in a Child: A Rare Presentation

Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Objective Osteomyelitis in the craniofacial region could result from untreated dental conditions such as pulpal or periodontal infections or by direct inoculation from trauma or surgery. Its development is influenced by a decreased host defensive mechanism and could result in major complications such as infection of the brain and cranium, making prompt and correct diagnosis of maxillary osteomyelitis crucial in its management. The objective of this study was to report a rare case of recurrent maxillary chronic osteomyelitis in an 11-year-old.

Case report: An 11-year-old boy who presented to the Paediatric Dental Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with left sided facial swelling, purulent discharge from his left eye and left preauricular region of one-week duration. Past history revealed patient had being managed with similar symptoms at age 6 and had a partial maxillectomy done 5 years prior. Following clinical examination, radiological assessment (CT scan) and laboratory investigation (culture yielded growth of Staphylococcus arlettae) a diagnosis of recurrent chronic suppurating osteomyelitis was made. Patient was severely anaemic with underlying malnutrition and had to be optimized for surgery which was surgical debridement and drainage of abscess under general anaesthesia and patient placed on antibiotics and patient responded well to treatment.

Conclusion: Increased suspicion of rare disease conditions such as maxillary chronic osteomyelitis in children is important and more so a recurrent case as this. Management should be multidisciplinary and follow a holistic approach.

The Prevalence and Pattern of Non-Odontogenic Tumours of the Jaws in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Ufadime LAWANI, Ifeoma ATUANYA, Ekaniyere Benlance EDETANLEN — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Though odontogenic tumours of the jaws are well studied globally it appears there is paucity of data on the non-odontogenic tumours of the jaws. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of non-odontogenic tumours of the jaws in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients diagnosed histologically of non-odontogenic tumours of the jaws from September 2017 to September 2022 in the departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery of a Nigerian teaching hospital. Data were collected from the register and case-notes of the patients. Patients with incomplete information were excluded. Data collected were age, gender, location of tumor, origin of tumour, and type of tumour. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A P- Value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from 18-87 years with a mean age of 45.3±20.1 years. There were more males with a male to female ratio of 1.1: 1. The prevalence of non-odontogenic tumour was 33.2%. More than half (55.0%) of the patients had the tumors located on the mandible. More than two-third (69.4%) of the tumours were of mesenchymal origin. A higher (69.4%) proportion of the patients had malignant non-odontogenic tumours. Malignancy of odontogenic tumours were associated with the age of the patient and the origin of the tumours (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of non-odontogenic tumours is high in our environment. More malignant non-odontogenic tumours were seen in the middle age group of 35-59 years and tumours of mesenchymal origin were also found to be more malignant.

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Post COVID-19 Pandemic Compliance to Hand Washing among Health Care Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Veronica Obianuju AMUH, Benlance Ekaniyere EDETANLEN — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Compliance to hand hygiene is critical in the hospital settings. While most studies had focused on the rate of compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic, this may not be true in post pandemic era. The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors affecting post COVID-19 pandemic compliance to hand washing among health care workers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at the University of Benin Teaching hospital, Benin City, Edo State. Nigeria from March to June 2022. The questionnaire was self-administered and adapted from World Health Organisation (WHO) risk assessment tool for health care workers in context of COVID -19. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. All data was analysed using SPSS software version 26 (IBM, Armonk, New York, US). P- Value less than 5% was considered significant.

Results: The age range of the respondents was 18-70 years with a mean age of 37.3 ± 9.97years. The female to male ratio was 1.2: 1. The respondents that tested negative for COVID-19 were more than two-thirds (84.8%) however only 15.2% tested positive for COVID-19 virus. Majority (74.6%) of the respondents were unaware of their source of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Almost (94.9%) all the respondents were compliant with hand washing guidelines. The demographic variables studied did not significantly affect the compliance to hand washing

Conclusion: Though there was an excellent compliance to hand washing by the healthcare workers but none of the demographic factors was associated with the rate of compliance.

Dentists’ opinion on the challenges Noma patients encounters regarding health care seeking

Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: A case of Noma anywhere in the world signals neglect and presses a big scar of failure of humanity. Failure of humanity to feed, care, protect, ensure health and maintain the right of offspring. Dentists can champion the prevention and total eradication of Noma since it starts as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. The objective was to assess the dentists’ opinion on the challenges Noma patients encounters regarding health care seeking

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all categories of dentist working in dental center of University of Benin Teaching hospital, Benin City between September and October, 2022. It is part of a larger study on knowledge and awareness of Noma among dental practitioners. The data collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire. The questions analysed for this study were eleven (11) which included three demographic questions (age, gender, professional status) and 8 questions on their options in relations to challenges Noma patients face regarding health care seeking. The response on challenged were in numerical ranging from 0 to 10 with 0 labelled as no impact and 10 labelled as very high impact. Data subjected to analysis using IBM SPSS version 23.0. The result of challenges was presented as mean and standard error of mean. Data subjected to univariate and bivariate analysis using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: A total of 84 dentists of different professional status were studied. The challenge with the great impact was lack of financial resources of the family (6.65±0.34) followed by traditional healer that are convinced that hospital cannot cure Noma (6.52±0.32), the stigmatization of Noma patients (6.37±0.32) and community awareness (6.15±0.34)

Conclusion: Data from this study showed the challenges, Noma patients encounter regarding health care seeking as reported by the participants were related financial resources of the family, erroneous belief of traditional healer, the stigmatization of Noma patients and community awareness. The application of finding of this study will facilitate early presentation of Noma patient s in the reversible stage to dental healthcare setting that will likely lead to cure.