Analysis of 215 Cases of Ludwig’s Angina: A Retrospective Study at the Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State

Abstract

Objective: To examine cases of Ludwig’s angina managed at Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State.

Methods: A total of 215 patient’s case files of ages between 8 to 80 years who were diagnosed and treated of Ludwig’s angina, were analyzed retrospectively. The information collated include demographic characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms at presentation, and treatment. Also recorded were patient’s baseline laboratory investigations. Patients with predisposing factors and complications arising from the disorder during their hospital stay were also documented. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0.

Results: There was a steady increase number of Ludwig’s angina cases managed between 2014 to 2019. Ludwig’s angina was predominant among uneducated individuals and those above 35 years. The mean age of affected individuals was 45.38 years. More females 118 (54.88%) than males 97 (45.12%) were affected giving male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Odontogenic infection accounted for more than 80% of cases. Anaemia and diabetes mellitus were the main comorbid conditions among the patients. Necrotizing fasciitis, medianstitis and septicaemina were the leading complications. Mortality rate was 3%

Conclusion: Early detection of Ludwig’s angina followed by prompt diagnosis and institution of appropriate antibiotics, as well as possible surgical intervention in the course of management remain the key to reducing morality and severe morbidity.