Spontaneous rupture of Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis; a rare urological emergency

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health problem, with genitourinary involvement accounting for up to 40% of extrapulmonary cases. Spontaneous rupture of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis is extremely rare and often misdiagnosed.

Case Description: A 32-year-old HIV-positive man presented with painful left scrotal swelling and spontaneous rupture of a tuberculous orchitis. He underwent emergency orchidectomy. Histology confirmed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation consistent with TB.

Conclusion: The spontaneous rupture of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon and severe manifestation of genitourinary TB. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are critical for a good outcome, especially in immuno-compromised patients.